Make actions agnostic to the request method

And improve some exception structuring.

README.md

@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ $> mv dist/ /var/www/death-notifier/  # Move to public directory
 
 Then, add the following lines to your crontab using `sudo -u www crontab -e`:
 ```
-* * * * * cd /var/www/death-notifier && php /var/www/death-notifier/api.php process-email-queue secret_password
+* * * * * cd /var/www/death-notifier && php /var/www/death-notifier/api.php action=process-email-queue password=secret_password
-*/5 * * * * cd /var/www/death-notifier && php /var/www/death-notifier/api.php update-all-trackings secret_password
+*/5 * * * * cd /var/www/death-notifier && php /var/www/death-notifier/api.php action=update-all-trackings password=secret_password
 ```
+It is recommended to also use a tool such as `newsyslog` to manage log rotation.

composer.json

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
     "name": "fwdekker/death-notifier",
     "description": "Get notified when a famous person dies.",
-    "version": "0.16.1", "_comment_version": "Also update version in `package.json`!",
+    "version": "0.16.2", "_comment_version": "Also update version in `package.json`!",
     "type": "project",
     "license": "MIT",
     "homepage": "https://git.fwdekker.com/tools/death-notifier",

package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
     "name": "death-notifier",
-    "version": "0.16.1", "_comment_version": "Also update version in `composer.json`!",
+    "version": "0.16.2", "_comment_version": "Also update version in `composer.json`!",
     "description": "Get notified when a famous person dies.",
     "author": "Florine W. Dekker",
     "browser": "dist/bundle.js",

src/main/api.php

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\ActionMethod;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Config;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Database;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\EmulateCronAction;
+use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\IllegalArgumentError;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\LoggerUtil;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\mailer\MailManager;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\mailer\ProcessEmailQueueAction;
@@ -36,73 +37,88 @@ use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Util;
 require_once __DIR__ . "/.vendor/autoload.php";
 
 
-// Preamble
 $logger = LoggerUtil::with_name();
 
-$config = Config::get();
-if (hash_equals($config["admin"]["cli_secret"], "REPLACE THIS WITH A SECRET VALUE")) {
-    $logger->error("You must set a CLI secret in the configuration file before running Death Notifier.");
-    exit(1);
-}
 
-$db = new Database($config["database"]["filename"]);
+// Wrap everything in try-catch to always return *something* to user
-$mediawiki = new MediaWiki();
-$mail_manager = new MailManager($db->conn);
-$user_manager = new UserManager($db->conn, $mail_manager);
-$tracking_manager = new TrackingManager($db->conn);
-
-
-// Handle request
 try {
-    session_start();
+    // Preamble
-    $_SESSION["token"] = $_SESSION["token"] ?? Util::generate_csrf_token();
+    $config = Config::get();
-    $_POST = Util::parse_post();
+    if (hash_equals($config["admin"]["cli_secret"], "REPLACE THIS WITH A SECRET VALUE"))
+        throw new IllegalArgumentError(
+            "You must set a CLI secret in the configuration file before running Death Notifier."
+        );
+
+    $db = new Database($config["database"]["filename"]);
+
+    $mediawiki = new MediaWiki();
+    $mail_manager = new MailManager($db->conn);
+    $user_manager = new UserManager($db->conn);
+    $tracking_manager = new TrackingManager($db->conn);
 
-    // Update database
     $db->auto_install($mail_manager, $user_manager, $tracking_manager);
     $db->auto_migrate();
 
-    // Dispatch request
+    session_start();
+    $_SESSION["token"] = $_SESSION["token"] ?? Util::generate_csrf_token();
+
+
+    // Set up request handlers
     $dispatcher = new ActionDispatcher();
+
     // GET actions
-    $dispatcher->register_action(new StartSessionAction($user_manager));
+    $dispatcher->register_actions([
-    $dispatcher->register_action(new GetPublicUserDataAction($user_manager));
+        [ActionMethod::GET, "start-session", new StartSessionAction($user_manager)],
-    $dispatcher->register_action(new ListTrackingsAction($tracking_manager));
+        [ActionMethod::GET, "get-user-data", new GetPublicUserDataAction($user_manager)],
-    $dispatcher->register_action(new ValidatePasswordResetTokenAction($user_manager));
+        [ActionMethod::GET, "list-trackings", new ListTrackingsAction($tracking_manager)],
+
+        [ActionMethod::GET, "validate-password-reset-token", new ValidatePasswordResetTokenAction($user_manager)],
+    ]);
+
     // POST actions
-    $dispatcher->register_action(new RegisterAction($db->conn, $user_manager, $mail_manager));
+    $dispatcher->register_actions([
-    $dispatcher->register_action(new LoginAction($user_manager));
+        [ActionMethod::POST, "register", new RegisterAction($db->conn, $user_manager, $mail_manager)],
-    $dispatcher->register_action(new LogoutAction());
+        [ActionMethod::POST, "login", new LoginAction($user_manager)],
-    $dispatcher->register_action(new ResendVerifyEmailAction($db->conn, $user_manager, $mail_manager));
+        [ActionMethod::POST, "logout", new LogoutAction()],
-    $dispatcher->register_action(new VerifyEmailAction($db->conn, $user_manager, $mail_manager));
+        [ActionMethod::POST, "user-delete", new UserDeleteAction($user_manager)],
-    $dispatcher->register_action(new ChangeEmailAction($db->conn, $user_manager, $mail_manager));
+
-    $dispatcher->register_action(new ToggleNotificationsAction($db->conn, $user_manager));
+        [ActionMethod::POST, "update-email", new ChangeEmailAction($db->conn, $user_manager, $mail_manager)],
-    $dispatcher->register_action(new ChangePasswordAction($db->conn, $user_manager, $mail_manager));
+        [ActionMethod::POST, "verify-email", new VerifyEmailAction($db->conn, $user_manager, $mail_manager)],
-    $dispatcher->register_action(new SendPasswordResetAction($db->conn, $user_manager, $mail_manager));
+        [ActionMethod::POST, "resend-verify-email", new ResendVerifyEmailAction($db->conn, $user_manager, $mail_manager)],
-    $dispatcher->register_action(new ResetPasswordAction($db->conn, $user_manager, $mail_manager));
+        [ActionMethod::POST, "toggle-notifications", new ToggleNotificationsAction($db->conn, $user_manager)],
-    $dispatcher->register_action(new UserDeleteAction($user_manager));
+
-    $dispatcher->register_action(new AddTrackingAction($tracking_manager, $mediawiki));
+        [ActionMethod::POST, "update-password", new ChangePasswordAction($db->conn, $user_manager, $mail_manager)],
-    $dispatcher->register_action(new RemoveTrackingAction($tracking_manager));
+        [ActionMethod::POST, "send-password-reset", new SendPasswordResetAction($db->conn, $user_manager, $mail_manager)],
+        [ActionMethod::POST, "reset-password", new ResetPasswordAction($db->conn, $user_manager, $mail_manager)],
+
+        [ActionMethod::POST, "add-tracking", new AddTrackingAction($tracking_manager, $mediawiki)],
+        [ActionMethod::POST, "remove-tracking", new RemoveTrackingAction($tracking_manager)],
+    ]);
+
     // CLI actions
     $cli_actions = [
         new UpdateTrackingsAction($db->conn, $tracking_manager, $mediawiki, $mail_manager),
         new ProcessEmailQueueAction($mail_manager),
     ];
-    $dispatcher->register_action($cli_actions[0]);
+    $dispatcher->register_actions([
-    $dispatcher->register_action($cli_actions[1]);
+        [ActionMethod::CLI, "update-trackings", $cli_actions[0]],
-    $dispatcher->register_action(new EmulateCronAction($cli_actions));
+        [ActionMethod::CLI, "process-email-queue", $cli_actions[1]],
-    // Dispatch
+        [ActionMethod::CLI, "emulate-cron", new EmulateCronAction($cli_actions)],
-    if (isset($_GET["action"]))
+    ]);
-        $response = $dispatcher->handle(ActionMethod::GET);
+
-    else if (isset($_POST["action"]))
+
-        $response = $dispatcher->handle(ActionMethod::POST);
+    // Handle request
-    else if ($argc > 1)
+    if (!isset($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"]))
-        $response = $dispatcher->handle(ActionMethod::CLI);
+        $response = $dispatcher->handle(ActionMethod::CLI, Util::parse_cli());
+    else if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] === "GET")
+        $response = $dispatcher->handle(ActionMethod::GET, $_GET);
+    else if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] === "POST")
+        $response = $dispatcher->handle(ActionMethod::POST, Util::parse_post());
     else
         $response = Response::satisfied();
-} catch (Exception $exception) {
+} catch (Throwable $exception) {
-    $response = Response::unsatisfied("An unexpected error occurred. Please try again later.");
+    $response = Response::unsatisfied("An unhandled error occurred. Please try again later.");
-    $logger->error("An unexpected error occurred. Please try again later.", ["cause" => $exception]);
+    $logger->error("An unhandled error occurred. Please try again later.", ["cause" => $exception]);
 }
 
 

src/main/js/Main.ts

@@ -577,11 +577,12 @@ doAfterLoad(() => {
     addTrackingForm.addEventListener("submit", (event: SubmitEvent) => {
         event.preventDefault();
 
+        const inputName = $("#add-tracking-name").value;
         postApi(
             {
                 action: "add-tracking",
                 token: csrfToken,
-                person_name: $("#add-tracking-name").value,
+                person_name: inputName,
             },
             addTrackingForm,
             (response: ServerResponse) => {
@@ -590,12 +591,12 @@ doAfterLoad(() => {
 
                 showMessageSuccess(
                     addTrackingForm,
-                    response.payload["renamed"]
+                    inputName.toLowerCase() !== response.payload["normalized_name"].toLowerCase()
                         ? (
-                            `Successfully added <b>${response.payload["input"]}</b> as ` +
+                            `Successfully added <b>${inputName}</b> as ` +
-                            `<b>${response.payload["name"]}</b>!`
+                            `<b>${response.payload["normalized_name"]}</b>!`
                         )
-                        : `Successfully added <b>${response.payload["name"]}</b>!`
+                        : `Successfully added <b>${response.payload["normalized_name"]}</b>!`
                 );
             }
         );

src/main/php/com/fwdekker/deathnotifier/Action.php

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\IsEqualToRule;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\IsNotSetRule;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\IsSetRule;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\Rule;
-use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\ValidationException;
+use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\InvalidInputException;
 use InvalidArgumentException;
 
 
@@ -32,21 +32,10 @@ abstract class Action
      */
     private readonly array $rule_lists;
 
-    /**
-     * @var ActionMethod the method that this action handles
-     */
-    public readonly ActionMethod $method;
-    /**
-     * @var string the name of the action that this action handles
-     */
-    public readonly string $name;
-
 
     /**
      * Constructs a new action.
      *
-     * @param ActionMethod $method the method that this action handles
-     * @param string $name the name of the action that this action handles
      * @param bool $require_logged_in `true` if and only if this action requires the user to be logged in
      * @param bool $require_logged_out `true` if and only if this action requires the user to be logged out
      * @param bool $require_valid_csrf_token `true` if and only if this action requires the request to have a valid CSRF
@@ -54,9 +43,7 @@ abstract class Action
      * @param array<string, Rule[]> $rule_lists maps input keys to {@see Rule}s that should be validated before this
      * action is handled
      */
-    public function __construct(ActionMethod $method,
+    public function __construct(bool         $require_logged_in = false,
-                                string       $name,
-                                bool         $require_logged_in = false,
                                 bool         $require_logged_out = false,
                                 bool         $require_valid_csrf_token = false,
                                 array        $rule_lists = [])
@@ -64,9 +51,6 @@ abstract class Action
         if ($require_logged_in && $require_logged_out)
             throw new InvalidArgumentException("Cannot require that user is both logged in and logged out.");
 
-        $this->method = $method;
-        $this->name = $name;
-
         // TODO: Move authorisation-related validation to `dispatch` method?
         $this->require_logged_in = $require_logged_in;
         $this->require_logged_out = $require_logged_out;
@@ -78,13 +62,12 @@ abstract class Action
     /**
      * Validates inputs according to `rule_lists`, throwing an exception if any input is invalid.
      *
+     * @param array<int|string, mixed> $inputs the inputs to validate
      * @return void if the input is valid
-     * @throws ValidationException if the input is invalid
+     * @throws InvalidInputException if the input is invalid
      */
-    function validate_inputs(): void
+    public function validate_inputs(array $inputs): void
     {
-        $inputs = $this->method->get_inputs();
-
         if ($this->require_logged_in)
             (new IsSetRule("You must be logged in to perform this action."))->check($_SESSION, "uuid");
         if ($this->require_logged_out)
@@ -101,9 +84,10 @@ abstract class Action
     /**
      * Performs the action.
      *
+     * @param array<int|string, mixed> $inputs the inputs to perform the action with
      * @return mixed the data requested by the action; may be `null`
      * @throws ActionException if the action could not be performed
-     * @throws ValidationException if the inputs are invalid upon further inspection
+     * @throws InvalidInputException if the inputs are invalid upon further inspection
      */
-    abstract function handle(): mixed;
+    abstract function handle(array $inputs): mixed;
 }

src/main/php/com/fwdekker/deathnotifier/ActionDispatcher.php

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace com\fwdekker\deathnotifier;
 
-use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\ValidationException;
+use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\InvalidInputException;
 use InvalidArgumentException;
 
 
@@ -23,46 +23,61 @@ class ActionDispatcher
      * Only one action can be registered given a combination of method and action name. An exception is thrown if
      * this restriction is violated, because that is likely to be a mistake.
      *
+     * @param ActionMethod $method the request method that this action should handle
+     * @param string $action_name the action name that this action should handle
      * @param Action $action the action to register
      * @return void
      */
-    public function register_action(Action $action): void
+    public function register_action(ActionMethod $method, string $action_name, Action $action): void
     {
-        $method = $action->method->name;
+        $method_name = $method->name;
 
-        if (!isset($this->actions[$method]))
+        if (!isset($this->actions[$method_name]))
-            $this->actions[$method] = [];
+            $this->actions[$method_name] = [];
 
-        if (isset($this->actions[$method][$action->name]))
+        if (isset($this->actions[$method_name][$action_name]))
-            // TODO: Throw more specific exceptions(?)
+            throw new IllegalArgumentError("Cannot register another handler for $method_name action '$action_name'.");
-            throw new InvalidArgumentException("Cannot register another handler for $method action '$action->name'.");
 
-        $this->actions[$method][$action->name] = $action;
+        $this->actions[$method_name][$action_name] = $action;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Utility method that invokes `#register_action` for each of the given `actions`.
+     *
+     * @param array<array{ActionMethod, string, Action}> $actions the actions to register, mapped from the request
+     * method and action name that the action should handle
+     * @return void
+     */
+    public function register_actions(array $actions): void
+    {
+        foreach ($actions as $action)
+            $this->register_action($action[0], $action[1], $action[2]);
     }
 
     /**
      * Executes the registered action for the given pair of method and action name.
      *
      * @param ActionMethod $method the method of the action to execute
+     * @param array<int|string, mixed> $inputs the inputs to the action
      * @return Response a satisfied response with the action's output if the action did not throw an exception, or an
      * unsatisfied response with the exception's message and target
      */
-    public function handle(ActionMethod $method): Response
+    public function handle(ActionMethod $method, array $inputs): Response
     {
-        $inputs = $method->get_inputs();
         if (!isset($inputs["action"]))
-            throw new InvalidArgumentException("No action specified.");
+            throw new InvalidArgumentException("Malformed request: No action specified.");
 
+        $method_name = $method->name;
         $action_name = $inputs["action"];
-        if (!isset($this->actions[$method->name]) || !isset($this->actions[$method->name][$action_name]))
+        if (!isset($this->actions[$method_name]) || !isset($this->actions[$method_name][$action_name]))
-            throw new InvalidArgumentException("No handler for $method->name action '$action_name'.");
+            throw new InvalidArgumentException("Malformed request: Unknown $method_name action '$action_name'.");
 
-        $action = $this->actions[$method->name][$action_name];
+        $action = $this->actions[$method_name][$action_name];
         try {
-            $action->validate_inputs();
+            $action->validate_inputs($inputs);
-            $payload = $action->handle();
+            $payload = $action->handle($inputs);
             return Response::satisfied($payload);
-        } catch (ActionException|ValidationException $exception) {
+        } catch (ActionException|InvalidInputException $exception) {
             return Response::unsatisfied($exception->getMessage(), $exception->target);
         }
     }

src/main/php/com/fwdekker/deathnotifier/ActionMethod.php

@@ -20,19 +20,4 @@ enum ActionMethod
      * HTTP POST request.
      */
     case POST;
-
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the user's inputs corresponding to this request method.
-     *
-     * @return array<int|string, mixed> the user's inputs corresponding to this request method
-     */
-    function get_inputs(): array
-    {
-        return match ($this) {
-            ActionMethod::CLI => Util::parse_cli(),
-            ActionMethod::GET => $_GET,
-            ActionMethod::POST => $_POST,
-        };
-    }
 }

src/main/php/com/fwdekker/deathnotifier/Config.php

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ use InvalidArgumentException;
  *
  * Contains global state, but that's fine since it's read-only.
  */
+// TODO: Override dynamically from tests
 class Config
 {
     /**

src/main/php/com/fwdekker/deathnotifier/Database.php

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ class Database
             if ($stmt->fetch()[0] !== 0)
                 return;
 
-            $this->logger->info("Database does not exist. Installing new database.");
+            $this->logger->notice("Database does not exist. Installing new database.");
 
             // Create `meta` table
             $this->conn->exec("CREATE TABLE meta(k TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY, v TEXT);");
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ class Database
             $user_manager->install();
             $tracking_manager->install();
 
-            $this->logger->info("Installation complete.");
+            $this->logger->notice("Installation complete.");
         });
     }
 
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ class Database
             if (Comparator::greaterThanOrEqualTo($db_version, Database::LATEST_VERSION))
                 return;
 
-            $this->logger->info("Current db is v$db_version. Will migrate to v" . Database::LATEST_VERSION . ".");
+            $this->logger->notice("Current db is v$db_version. Will migrate to v" . Database::LATEST_VERSION . ".");
 
             // Get current version
             $stmt = $this->conn->prepare("SELECT v FROM meta WHERE k='version';");
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ class Database
             $stmt->bindValue(":version", Database::LATEST_VERSION);
             $stmt->execute();
 
-            $this->logger->info("Completed migration to v" . Database::LATEST_VERSION . ".");
+            $this->logger->notice("Completed migration to v" . Database::LATEST_VERSION . ".");
         });
     }
 
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ class Database
      */
     private function migrate_0_5_0(): void
     {
-        $this->logger->info("Migrating to v0.5.0.");
+        $this->logger->notice("Migrating to v0.5.0.");
 
         $this->conn->exec("ALTER TABLE users
                            ADD COLUMN email_notifications_enabled INT NOT NULL DEFAULT(1);");
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ class Database
      */
     private function migrate_0_8_0(): void
     {
-        $this->logger->info("Migrating to v0.8.0.");
+        $this->logger->notice("Migrating to v0.8.0.");
 
         $this->conn->exec("CREATE TABLE new_email_tasks(type TEXT NOT NULL,
                                                         recipient TEXT NOT NULL,
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ class Database
      */
     private function migrate_0_10_0(): void
     {
-        $this->logger->info("Migrating to v0.10.0.");
+        $this->logger->notice("Migrating to v0.10.0.");
 
         $this->conn->exec("CREATE TABLE new_email_tasks(type TEXT NOT NULL,
                                                         recipient TEXT NOT NULL,
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ class Database
      */
     private function migrate_0_16_0(): void
     {
-        $this->logger->info("Migrating to v0.16.0.");
+        $this->logger->notice("Migrating to v0.16.0.");
 
         $this->conn->exec("DROP TABLE email_tasks;");
         $this->conn->exec("CREATE TABLE email_tasks(type_key TEXT NOT NULL,

src/main/php/com/fwdekker/deathnotifier/EmulateCronAction.php

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace com\fwdekker\deathnotifier;
 
-use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\ValidationException;
+use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\InvalidInputException;
 
 
 /**
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class EmulateCronAction extends Action
      */
     public function __construct(array $actions)
     {
-        parent::__construct(ActionMethod::CLI, "emulate-cron");
+        parent::__construct();
 
         $this->actions = $actions;
     }
@@ -38,27 +38,29 @@ class EmulateCronAction extends Action
     /**
      * Validates the inputs of each registered action.
      *
+     * @param array<int|string, mixed> $inputs the inputs to validate
      * @return void if the input is valid
-     * @throws ValidationException if the input is invalid
+     * @throws InvalidInputException if the input is invalid
      */
-    public function validate_inputs(): void
+    public function validate_inputs(array $inputs): void
     {
         foreach ($this->actions as $action)
-            $action->validate_inputs();
+            $action->validate_inputs($inputs);
     }
 
     /**
      * Updates all trackings and processes the mail queue at a regular interval.
      *
+     * @param array<int|string, mixed> $inputs ignored
      * @return never
      */
-    public function handle(): never
+    public function handle(array $inputs): never
     {
         // @phpstan-ignore-next-line
         while (true) {
             print("Emulating cron jobs.\n");
             foreach ($this->actions as $action)
-                $action->handle();
+                $action->handle($inputs);
             print("Done.\n");
 
             sleep(self::INTERVAL);

src/main/php/com/fwdekker/deathnotifier/IllegalArgumentError.php

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace com\fwdekker\deathnotifier;
+
+use Error;
+
+
+/**
+ * Thrown if a function receives an argument which it cannot handle.
+ *
+ * This is an error, so it always indicates a bug in the program.
+ */
+class IllegalArgumentError extends Error
+{
+    // Intentionally left empty
+}

src/main/php/com/fwdekker/deathnotifier/IllegalStateError.php

@@ -6,9 +6,11 @@ use Error;
 
 
 /**
- * Thrown if something happens that should not be able to happen, and there is no way to recover.
+ * Thrown if something happens that should not be able to happen.
+ *
+ * This is an error, so it always indicates a bug in the program.
  */
-class IllegalStateException extends Error
+class IllegalStateError extends Error
 {
     // Intentionally left empty
 }

src/main/php/com/fwdekker/deathnotifier/MalformedRequestException.php

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace com\fwdekker\deathnotifier;
+
+use Exception;
+
+
+/**
+ * Thrown to indicate that a request to the server was malformed in some way.
+ *
+ * This is an exception, not an error, so it indicates that the client that sent the request did something wrong.
+ */
+class MalformedRequestException extends Exception
+{
+    // Intentionally left empty
+}

src/main/php/com/fwdekker/deathnotifier/StartSessionAction.php

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class StartSessionAction extends Action
      */
     public function __construct(UserManager $user_manager)
     {
-        parent::__construct(ActionMethod::GET, "start-session");
+        parent::__construct();
 
         $this->user_manager = $user_manager;
     }
@@ -33,11 +33,12 @@ class StartSessionAction extends Action
     /**
      * Starts a new user session, or continues an existing one.
      *
+     * @param array<int|string, mixed> $inputs ignored
      * @return array{"logged_in": bool, "global_message"?: string} whether the user is logged in, and the message to be
      * displayed at the top of the page, if any
      * @throws ActionException if no CSRF token could be generated
      */
-    function handle(): array
+    function handle(array $inputs): array
     {
         $config = Config::get();
         $payload = [];

src/main/php/com/fwdekker/deathnotifier/Util.php

@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 
 namespace com\fwdekker\deathnotifier;
 
+use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\InvalidInputException;
 use Exception;
+use JsonException;
 
 
 /**
@@ -13,17 +15,24 @@ class Util
     /**
      * Parses POST values from JSON-based inputs.
      *
-     * @return array<int|string, mixed>|null the parsed POST-ed values
+     * @return array<int|string, mixed> the parsed POSTed values, or an empty array if no values were POSTed
+     * @throws InvalidInputException if there are no POST input values, or if the POST input is not valid JSON
      */
-    static function parse_post(): ?array
+    static function parse_post(): array
     {
-        $output = $_POST;
-
         $post_input = file_get_contents("php://input");
-        if ($post_input !== false)
+        if ($post_input === false || trim($post_input) === "")
-            $output = json_decode($post_input, associative: true);
+            return [];
 
-        return $output;
+        try {
+            $post = json_decode($post_input, associative: true, flags: JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR);
+            if ($post === null)
+                throw new InvalidInputException("Malformed request: POST data is `null`.");
+
+            return $post;
+        } catch (JsonException) {
+            throw new InvalidInputException("Malformed request: POST data could not be parsed as JSON.");
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -31,12 +40,13 @@ class Util
      *
      * Code from https://www.php.net/manual/en/features.commandline.php#108883.
      *
-     * @return array<int|string, mixed> the parsed CLI inputs
+     * @return array<int|string, mixed> the parsed CLI inputs, or an empty array if no values were passed on the CLI
      */
     static function parse_cli(): array
     {
-        parse_str(implode("&", array_slice($_SERVER["argv"], 1)), $output);
+        if (!isset($_SERVER["argc"]) || $_SERVER["argc"] <= 1) return [];
 
+        parse_str(implode("&", array_slice($_SERVER["argv"], 1)), $output);
         return $output;
     }
 

src/main/php/com/fwdekker/deathnotifier/mailer/ProcessEmailQueueAction.php

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ namespace com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\mailer;
 
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Action;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\ActionException;
-use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\ActionMethod;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Config;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\LoggerUtil;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\IsEqualToRule;
@@ -37,8 +36,6 @@ class ProcessEmailQueueAction extends Action
     public function __construct(MailManager $mail_manager)
     {
         parent::__construct(
-            ActionMethod::CLI,
-            "process-email-queue",
             rule_lists: [
                 "password" => [new IsEqualToRule(Config::get()["admin"]["cli_secret"], "Incorrect password.")]
             ],
@@ -52,10 +49,11 @@ class ProcessEmailQueueAction extends Action
     /**
      * Processes the queue.
      *
+     * @param array<int|string, mixed> $inputs ignored
      * @return null
      * @throws ActionException if the mailer could not be created or if an email could not be sent
      */
-    public function handle(): mixed
+    public function handle(array $inputs): mixed
     {
         $emails = $this->mail_manager->get_queue();
 

src/main/php/com/fwdekker/deathnotifier/mediawiki/IsPersonPageRule.php

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ namespace com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\mediawiki;
 
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\LoggerUtil;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\Rule;
-use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\ValidationException;
+use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\InvalidInputException;
 use Monolog\Logger;
 
 
@@ -45,18 +45,18 @@ class IsPersonPageRule extends Rule
      * @param array<int|string, mixed> $inputs the list of inputs in which the value at `key` should be checked
      * @param string $key the key in `inputs` of the input to check
      * @return void if `$inputs[$key]` refers to a page about a person on Wikipedia
-     * @throws ValidationException if `$inputs[$key]` is not set or does not refer to a page about a person on Wikipedia
+     * @throws InvalidInputException if `$inputs[$key]` is not set or does not refer to a page about a person on Wikipedia
      */
     public function check(array $inputs, string $key): void
     {
-        if (!isset($inputs[$key])) throw new ValidationException($this->override_message ?? "Field must be set.", $key);
+        if (!isset($inputs[$key])) throw new InvalidInputException($this->override_message ?? "Field must be set.", $key);
 
         $person_name = $inputs[$key];
         try {
             $info = $this->mediawiki->query_person_info([$person_name]);
         } catch (MediaWikiException $exception) {
             $this->logger->error("Failed to query page info.", ["cause" => $exception, "name" => $person_name]);
-            throw new ValidationException(
+            throw new InvalidInputException(
                 $this->override_message ?? "Could not reach Wikipedia. Maybe the website is down?"
             );
         }
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class IsPersonPageRule extends Rule
         $type = $info->results[$normalized_name]["type"];
 
         if (in_array($normalized_name, $info->missing))
-            throw new ValidationException(
+            throw new InvalidInputException(
                 $this->override_message ??
                 "Wikipedia does not have an article about " .
                 "<b><a href='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=" .
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ class IsPersonPageRule extends Rule
             );
 
         if ($type === ArticleType::Disambiguation)
-            throw new ValidationException(
+            throw new InvalidInputException(
                 $this->override_message ??
                 "<b><a href='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/" . rawurlencode($normalized_name) . "'>" .
                 htmlentities($normalized_name) . "</a></b> refers to multiple articles. " .
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class IsPersonPageRule extends Rule
             );
 
         if ($type === ArticleType::Other)
-            throw new ValidationException(
+            throw new InvalidInputException(
                 $this->override_message ??
                 "The Wikipedia article about " .
                 "<b><a href='https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/" . rawurlencode($normalized_name) . "'>" .

src/main/php/com/fwdekker/deathnotifier/tracking/AddTrackingAction.php

@@ -4,15 +4,14 @@ namespace com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\tracking;
 
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Action;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\ActionException;
-use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\ActionMethod;
+use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\IllegalStateError;
-use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\IllegalStateException;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\LoggerUtil;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\mediawiki\IsPersonPageRule;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\mediawiki\MediaWiki;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\mediawiki\MediaWikiException;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\HasLengthRule;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\IsNotBlankRule;
-use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\ValidationException;
+use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\InvalidInputException;
 use Monolog\Logger;
 
 
@@ -44,8 +43,6 @@ class AddTrackingAction extends Action
     public function __construct(TrackingManager $tracking_manager, MediaWiki $mediawiki)
     {
         parent::__construct(
-            ActionMethod::POST,
-            "add-tracking",
             require_logged_in: true,
             require_valid_csrf_token: true,
             rule_lists: [
@@ -64,16 +61,18 @@ class AddTrackingAction extends Action
 
 
     /**
-     * Adds a tracking by the current user of `$_POST["person_name"]`.
+     * Adds a tracking by the current user of the specified person.
      *
-     * @return array{"name": string, "input": string, "renamed": bool} the
+     * @param array<int|string, mixed> $inputs `"person_name": string`: the name of the person to track
+     * @return array{"input_name": string, "normalized_name": string} the person's name as input by the user, and the
+     * normalized version of that name
      * @throws ActionException if the Wikipedia API could not be reached
-     * @throws ValidationException if the user is already tracking this person
+     * @throws InvalidInputException if the user is already tracking this person
      */
-    function handle(): array
+    public function handle(array $inputs): array
     {
         $user_uuid = $_SESSION["uuid"];
-        $person_name = strval($_POST["person_name"]);
+        $person_name = strval($inputs["person_name"]);
 
         // Query API
         try {
@@ -86,19 +85,18 @@ class AddTrackingAction extends Action
         $normalized_name = $info->redirects[$person_name];
         $status = $info->results[$normalized_name]["status"];
         if ($status === null)
-            throw new IllegalStateException("Article is about person, but person has no status.");
+            throw new IllegalStateError("Article is about person, but person has no status.");
 
         // Add tracking  (Transaction is not necessary)
         if ($this->tracking_manager->has_tracking($user_uuid, $normalized_name))
-            throw new ValidationException("You are already tracking <b>$normalized_name</b>.");
+            throw new InvalidInputException("You are already tracking <b>$normalized_name</b>.");
 
         $this->tracking_manager->add_tracking($user_uuid, $normalized_name, $status);
 
         // Respond
         return [
-            "name" => $normalized_name,
+            "input_name" => $person_name,
-            "input" => $person_name,
+            "normalized_name" => $normalized_name,
-            "renamed" => strtolower($person_name) !== strtolower($normalized_name)
         ];
     }
 }

src/main/php/com/fwdekker/deathnotifier/tracking/ListTrackingsAction.php

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 namespace com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\tracking;
 
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Action;
-use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\ActionMethod;
 
 
 /**
@@ -25,8 +24,6 @@ class ListTrackingsAction extends Action
     public function __construct(TrackingManager $tracking_manager)
     {
         parent::__construct(
-            ActionMethod::GET,
-            "list-trackings",
             require_logged_in: true,
             require_valid_csrf_token: true,
         );
@@ -38,9 +35,10 @@ class ListTrackingsAction extends Action
     /**
      * Returns all trackings of the current user.
      *
+     * @param array<int|string, mixed> $inputs ignored
      * @return mixed[] all trackings of the current user
      */
-    function handle(): array
+    public function handle(array $inputs): array
     {
         return $this->tracking_manager->list_trackings($_SESSION["uuid"]);
     }

src/main/php/com/fwdekker/deathnotifier/tracking/RemoveTrackingAction.php

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 namespace com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\tracking;
 
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Action;
-use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\ActionMethod;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\IsNotBlankRule;
 
 
@@ -26,8 +25,6 @@ class RemoveTrackingAction extends Action
     public function __construct(TrackingManager $tracking_manager)
     {
         parent::__construct(
-            ActionMethod::POST,
-            "remove-tracking",
             require_logged_in: true,
             require_valid_csrf_token: true,
             rule_lists: ["person_name" => [new IsNotBlankRule()]],
@@ -38,13 +35,14 @@ class RemoveTrackingAction extends Action
 
 
     /**
-     * Removes the current user's tracking of `$_POST["person_name"]`.
+     * Removes the current user's tracking of the specified person.
      *
+     * @param array<int|string, mixed> $inputs `"person_name": string`: the name of the person to stop tracking
      * @return null
      */
-    function handle(): mixed
+    public function handle(array $inputs): mixed
     {
-        $this->tracking_manager->remove_tracking($_SESSION["uuid"], $_POST["person_name"]);
+        $this->tracking_manager->remove_tracking($_SESSION["uuid"], $inputs["person_name"]);
 
         return null;
     }

src/main/php/com/fwdekker/deathnotifier/tracking/UpdateTrackingsAction.php

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ namespace com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\tracking;
 
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Action;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\ActionException;
-use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\ActionMethod;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Config;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Database;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\LoggerUtil;
@@ -55,8 +54,6 @@ class UpdateTrackingsAction extends Action
     public function __construct(PDO $conn, TrackingManager $tracking_manager, MediaWiki $mediawiki, MailManager $mailer)
     {
         parent::__construct(
-            ActionMethod::CLI,
-            "update-trackings",
             rule_lists: [
                 "password" => [new IsEqualToRule(Config::get()["admin"]["cli_secret"], "Incorrect password.")]
             ],
@@ -73,10 +70,11 @@ class UpdateTrackingsAction extends Action
     /**
      * Updates all trackings that users have added.
      *
+     * @param array<int|string, mixed> $inputs ignored
      * @return null
      * @throws ActionException if the Wikipedia API could not be reached
      */
-    public function handle(): mixed
+    public function handle(array $inputs): mixed
     {
         $names = $this->tracking_manager->list_all_unique_person_names();
         if (empty($names)) return null;

src/main/php/com/fwdekker/deathnotifier/user/ChangeEmailAction.php

@@ -4,13 +4,12 @@ namespace com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\user;
 
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Action;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\ActionException;
-use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\ActionMethod;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Config;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Database;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\mailer\Email;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\mailer\MailManager;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\IsEmailRule;
-use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\ValidationException;
+use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\InvalidInputException;
 use PDO;
 
 
@@ -43,8 +42,6 @@ class ChangeEmailAction extends Action
     public function __construct(PDO $conn, UserManager $user_manager, MailManager $mail_manager)
     {
         parent::__construct(
-            ActionMethod::POST,
-            "update-email",
             require_logged_in: true,
             require_valid_csrf_token: true,
             rule_lists: ["email" => [new IsEmailRule()]],
@@ -59,23 +56,24 @@ class ChangeEmailAction extends Action
     /**
      * Changes the user's email address.
      *
+     * @param array<int|string, mixed> $inputs `"email": string`: the email address to change to
      * @return null
-     * @throws ValidationException if the email address is not different or the email address is already used
+     * @throws InvalidInputException if the email address is not different or the email address is already used
      */
-    function handle(): mixed
+    function handle(array $inputs): mixed
     {
-        Database::transaction($this->conn, function () {
+        Database::transaction($this->conn, function () use ($inputs) {
             $user_data = $this->user_manager->get_user_by_uuid($_SESSION["uuid"]);
             if ($user_data === null)
                 throw new ActionException("Failed to retrieve account data. Refresh the page and try again.");
-            if ($_POST["email"] === $user_data["email"])
+            if ($inputs["email"] === $user_data["email"])
-                throw new ValidationException("That is already your email address.", "email");
+                throw new InvalidInputException("That is already your email address.", "email");
-            if ($this->user_manager->has_user_with_email($_POST["email"]))
+            if ($this->user_manager->has_user_with_email($inputs["email"]))
-                throw new ValidationException("That email address is already in use by someone else.", "email");
+                throw new InvalidInputException("That email address is already in use by someone else.", "email");
 
-            $token = $this->user_manager->set_email($_SESSION["uuid"], $_POST["email"]);
+            $token = $this->user_manager->set_email($_SESSION["uuid"], $inputs["email"]);
             // TODO: Also send email to old email address
-            $this->mail_manager->queue_email(new ChangeEmailEmail($_POST["email"], $token));
+            $this->mail_manager->queue_email(new ChangeEmailEmail($inputs["email"], $token));
         });
 
         return null;

src/main/php/com/fwdekker/deathnotifier/user/ChangePasswordAction.php

@@ -4,14 +4,13 @@ namespace com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\user;
 
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Action;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\ActionException;
-use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\ActionMethod;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Config;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Database;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\mailer\Email;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\mailer\MailManager;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\HasLengthRule;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\IsSetRule;
-use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\ValidationException;
+use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\InvalidInputException;
 use PDO;
 
 
@@ -44,8 +43,6 @@ class ChangePasswordAction extends Action
     public function __construct(PDO $conn, UserManager $user_manager, MailManager $mail_manager)
     {
         parent::__construct(
-            ActionMethod::POST,
-            "update-password",
             require_logged_in: true,
             require_valid_csrf_token: true,
             rule_lists: [
@@ -65,19 +62,21 @@ class ChangePasswordAction extends Action
     /**
      * Changes the user's password.
      *
+     * @param array<int|string, mixed> $inputs `"password_old": string`: the old password, `"password_new": string`: the
+     * new password
      * @return null
-     * @throws ValidationException if the old password is incorrect
+     * @throws InvalidInputException if the old password is incorrect
      */
-    function handle(): mixed
+    function handle(array $inputs): mixed
     {
-        Database::transaction($this->conn, function () {
+        Database::transaction($this->conn, function () use ($inputs) {
             $user_data = $this->user_manager->get_user_by_uuid($_SESSION["uuid"]);
             if ($user_data === null)
                 throw new ActionException("Failed to retrieve account data. Refresh the page and try again.");
-            if (!password_verify($user_data["password"], $_POST["password_old"]))
+            if (!password_verify($user_data["password"], $inputs["password_old"]))
-                throw new ValidationException("Incorrect old password.", "password_old");
+                throw new InvalidInputException("Incorrect old password.", "password_old");
 
-            $this->user_manager->set_password($_SESSION["uuid"], $_POST["password_new"]);
+            $this->user_manager->set_password($_SESSION["uuid"], $inputs["password_new"]);
             $this->mail_manager->queue_email(new ChangePasswordEmail($user_data["email"]));
         });
 

src/main/php/com/fwdekker/deathnotifier/user/GetPublicUserDataAction.php

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ namespace com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\user;
 
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Action;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\ActionException;
-use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\ActionMethod;
 
 
 /**
@@ -25,12 +24,7 @@ class GetPublicUserDataAction extends Action
      */
     public function __construct(UserManager $user_manager)
     {
-        parent::__construct(
+        parent::__construct(require_logged_in: true, require_valid_csrf_token: true);
-            ActionMethod::GET,
-            "get-user-data",
-            require_logged_in: true,
-            require_valid_csrf_token: true,
-        );
 
         $this->user_manager = $user_manager;
     }
@@ -39,11 +33,12 @@ class GetPublicUserDataAction extends Action
     /**
      * Returns the user's public data.
      *
+     * @param array<int|string, mixed> $inputs ignored
      * @return array{"email": string, "email_verified": bool, "email_notifications_enabled": bool,
      *     "password_last_change": int} the user's public data
      * @throws ActionException if the user's data could not be retrieved
      */
-    function handle(): array
+    function handle(array $inputs): array
     {
         $user_data = $this->user_manager->get_user_by_uuid($_SESSION["uuid"]);
         if ($user_data === null)

src/main/php/com/fwdekker/deathnotifier/user/LoginAction.php

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ namespace com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\user;
 
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Action;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\ActionException;
-use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\ActionMethod;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\IsEmailRule;
+use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\IsSetRule;
 
 
 /**
@@ -27,11 +27,12 @@ class LoginAction extends Action
     public function __construct(UserManager $user_manager)
     {
         parent::__construct(
-            ActionMethod::POST,
-            "login",
             require_logged_out: true,
             require_valid_csrf_token: true,
-            rule_lists: ["email" => [new IsEmailRule()]],
+            rule_lists: [
+                "email" => [new IsEmailRule()],
+                "password" => [new IsSetRule()],
+            ],
         );
 
         $this->user_manager = $user_manager;
@@ -41,15 +42,17 @@ class LoginAction extends Action
     /**
      * Logs in the user.
      *
+     * @param array<int|string, mixed> $inputs `"email": string`: the email to log in with, `"password": string`: the
+     * password to log in with
      * @return null
      * @throws ActionException if the user's data could not be retrieved or if the given credentials are incorrect
      */
-    function handle(): mixed
+    function handle(array $inputs): mixed
     {
-        $user_data = $this->user_manager->get_user_by_email($_POST["email"]);
+        $user_data = $this->user_manager->get_user_by_email($inputs["email"]);
         if ($user_data === null)
-            throw new ActionException("Failed to retrieve account data. Refresh the page and try again.");
+            throw new ActionException("Incorrect combination of email and password.", "password");
-        if (!password_verify($_POST["password"], $user_data["password"]))
+        if (!password_verify($inputs["password"], $user_data["password"]))
             throw new ActionException("Incorrect combination of email and password.", "password");
 
         $_SESSION["uuid"] = $user_data["uuid"];

src/main/php/com/fwdekker/deathnotifier/user/LogoutAction.php

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ namespace com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\user;
 
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Action;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\ActionException;
-use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\ActionMethod;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Util;
 use Exception;
 
@@ -19,22 +18,18 @@ class LogoutAction extends Action
      */
     public function __construct()
     {
-        parent::__construct(
+        parent::__construct(require_logged_in: true, require_valid_csrf_token: true);
-            ActionMethod::POST,
-            "logout",
-            require_logged_in: true,
-            require_valid_csrf_token: true,
-        );
     }
 
 
     /**
      * Terminates the current user session.
      *
+     * @param array<int|string, mixed> $inputs ignored
      * @return null
      * @throws ActionException if no CSRF token could be generated
      */
-    function handle(): mixed
+    function handle(array $inputs): mixed
     {
         session_destroy();
         session_start();

src/main/php/com/fwdekker/deathnotifier/user/RegisterAction.php

@@ -4,14 +4,13 @@ namespace com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\user;
 
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Action;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\ActionException;
-use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\ActionMethod;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Config;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Database;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\mailer\Email;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\mailer\MailManager;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\HasLengthRule;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\IsEmailRule;
-use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\ValidationException;
+use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\InvalidInputException;
 use PDO;
 
 
@@ -44,8 +43,6 @@ class RegisterAction extends Action
     public function __construct(PDO $conn, UserManager $user_manager, MailManager $mail_manager)
     {
         parent::__construct(
-            ActionMethod::POST,
-            "register",
             require_logged_out: true,
             require_valid_csrf_token: true,
             rule_lists: [
@@ -63,22 +60,24 @@ class RegisterAction extends Action
     /**
      * Registers a new user.
      *
+     * @param array<int|string, mixed> $inputs `"email": string`: the email address to register, `"password": string`:
+     * the password to use for the new account
      * @return null
-     * @throws ValidationException if the email address is already used
+     * @throws InvalidInputException if the email address is already used
      */
-    function handle(): mixed
+    function handle(array $inputs): mixed
     {
-        Database::transaction($this->conn, function () {
+        Database::transaction($this->conn, function () use ($inputs) {
-            if ($this->user_manager->has_user_with_email($_POST["email"]))
+            if ($this->user_manager->has_user_with_email($inputs["email"]))
-                throw new ValidationException("That email address already in use by someone else.", "email");
+                throw new InvalidInputException("That email address already in use by someone else.", "email");
 
-            $uuid = $this->user_manager->add_user($_POST["email"], $_POST["password"]);
+            $uuid = $this->user_manager->add_user($inputs["email"], $inputs["password"]);
             $user_data = $this->user_manager->get_user_by_uuid($uuid);
             if ($user_data === null)
                 throw new ActionException("Failed to retrieve account data. Refresh the page and try again.");
             $token = $user_data["email_verification_token"];
 
-            $this->mail_manager->queue_email(new RegisterEmail($_POST["email"], $token));
+            $this->mail_manager->queue_email(new RegisterEmail($inputs["email"], $token));
         });
 
         return null;

src/main/php/com/fwdekker/deathnotifier/user/ResendVerifyEmailAction.php

@@ -3,13 +3,12 @@
 namespace com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\user;
 
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Action;
-use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\ActionMethod;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Config;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Database;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\mailer\Email;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\mailer\MailManager;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Util;
-use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\ValidationException;
+use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\InvalidInputException;
 use PDO;
 
 
@@ -41,12 +40,7 @@ class ResendVerifyEmailAction extends Action
      */
     public function __construct(PDO $conn, UserManager $user_manager, MailManager $mail_manager)
     {
-        parent::__construct(
+        parent::__construct(require_logged_in: true, require_valid_csrf_token: true);
-            ActionMethod::POST,
-            "resend-verify-email",
-            require_logged_in: true,
-            require_valid_csrf_token: true,
-        );
 
         $this->conn = $conn;
         $this->user_manager = $user_manager;
@@ -57,23 +51,24 @@ class ResendVerifyEmailAction extends Action
     /**
      * Resets the email verification process and sends a new verification email.
      *
+     * @param array<int|string, mixed> $inputs ignored
      * @return null
-     * @throws ValidationException if the email address is already verified or if a verification email was sent too
+     * @throws InvalidInputException if the email address is already verified or if a verification email was sent too
      * recently
      */
-    function handle(): mixed
+    function handle(array $inputs): mixed
     {
-        Database::transaction($this->conn, function () {
+        Database::transaction($this->conn, function () use ($inputs) {
             $user_data = $this->user_manager->get_user_by_uuid($_SESSION["uuid"]);
             if ($user_data["email_verification_token"] === null)
-                throw new ValidationException("Your email address is already verified.");
+                throw new InvalidInputException("Your email address is already verified.");
 
             $minutes_left = Util::minutes_until_interval_elapsed(
                 $user_data["email_verification_token_timestamp"],
                 UserManager::MINUTES_BETWEEN_VERIFICATION_EMAILS
             );
             if ($minutes_left > 0) {
-                throw new ValidationException(
+                throw new InvalidInputException(
                     "A verification email was sent recently. " .
                     "Please wait $minutes_left more minute(s) before requesting a new email."
                 );

src/main/php/com/fwdekker/deathnotifier/user/ResetPasswordAction.php

@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
 namespace com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\user;
 
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Action;
-use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\ActionMethod;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Config;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Database;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\mailer\Email;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\mailer\MailManager;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\HasLengthRule;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\IsEmailRule;
-use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\ValidationException;
+use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\InvalidInputException;
+use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\IsSetRule;
 use PDO;
 
 
@@ -43,12 +43,11 @@ class ResetPasswordAction extends Action
     public function __construct(PDO $conn, UserManager $user_manager, MailManager $mail_manager)
     {
         parent::__construct(
-            ActionMethod::POST,
-            "reset-password",
             require_valid_csrf_token: true,
             rule_lists: [
                 "email" => [new IsEmailRule()],
                 "password" => [new HasLengthRule(UserManager::MIN_PASSWORD_LENGTH, UserManager::MAX_PASSWORD_LENGTH)],
+                "reset_token" => [new IsSetRule()],
             ],
         );
 
@@ -61,19 +60,21 @@ class ResetPasswordAction extends Action
     /**
      * Resets the user's password after they forgot it.
      *
+     * @param array<int|string, mixed> $inputs `"email": string`: the email address of the account to reset the password
+     * of, `"password": string`: the new password to set, `"reset_token": string`: the token to reset the password with
      * @return null
      */
-    function handle(): mixed
+    function handle(array $inputs): mixed
     {
-        Database::transaction($this->conn, function () {
+        Database::transaction($this->conn, function () use ($inputs) {
-            $user_data = $this->user_manager->get_user_by_email($_POST["email"]);
+            $user_data = $this->user_manager->get_user_by_email($inputs["email"]);
-            if ($_GET["reset_token"] !== $user_data["password_reset_token"])
+            if ($inputs["reset_token"] !== $user_data["password_reset_token"])
-                throw new ValidationException(
+                throw new InvalidInputException(
                     "This password reset link is invalid. Maybe you already reset your password?"
                 );
 
-            $this->user_manager->set_password($user_data["uuid"], $_POST["password"]);
+            $this->user_manager->set_password($user_data["uuid"], $inputs["password"]);
-            $this->mail_manager->queue_email(new ResetPasswordEmail($_POST["email"]));
+            $this->mail_manager->queue_email(new ResetPasswordEmail($inputs["email"]));
         });
 
         return null;

src/main/php/com/fwdekker/deathnotifier/user/SendPasswordResetAction.php

@@ -3,14 +3,13 @@
 namespace com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\user;
 
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Action;
-use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\ActionMethod;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Config;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Database;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\mailer\Email;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\mailer\MailManager;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Util;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\IsEmailRule;
-use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\ValidationException;
+use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\InvalidInputException;
 use PDO;
 
 
@@ -43,8 +42,6 @@ class SendPasswordResetAction extends Action
     public function __construct(PDO $conn, UserManager $user_manager, MailManager $mail_manager)
     {
         parent::__construct(
-            ActionMethod::POST,
-            "send-password-reset",
             require_valid_csrf_token: true,
             rule_lists: ["email" => [new IsEmailRule()]],
         );
@@ -58,27 +55,29 @@ class SendPasswordResetAction extends Action
     /**
      * Sends a password reset email.
      *
+     * @param array<int|string, mixed> $inputs `"email": string`: the email address of the account to send a password
+     * reset email for
      * @return null
-     * @throws ValidationException if another password reset email was sent too recently
+     * @throws InvalidInputException if another password reset email was sent too recently
      */
-    function handle(): mixed
+    function handle(array $inputs): mixed
     {
-        Database::transaction($this->conn, function () {
+        Database::transaction($this->conn, function () use ($inputs) {
-            $user_data = $this->user_manager->get_user_by_email($_POST["email"]);
+            $user_data = $this->user_manager->get_user_by_email($inputs["email"]);
 
             $minutes_left = Util::minutes_until_interval_elapsed(
                 $user_data["password_reset_token_timestamp"],
                 UserManager::MINUTES_BETWEEN_PASSWORD_RESETS
             );
             if ($minutes_left > 0) {
-                throw new ValidationException(
+                throw new InvalidInputException(
                     "A password reset email was sent recently. " .
                     "Please wait $minutes_left more minute(s) before requesting a new email."
                 );
             }
 
-            $token = $this->user_manager->register_password_reset($_POST["email"]);
+            $token = $this->user_manager->register_password_reset($inputs["email"]);
-            $this->mail_manager->queue_email(new SendPasswordResetEmail($_POST["email"], $token));
+            $this->mail_manager->queue_email(new SendPasswordResetEmail($inputs["email"], $token));
         });
 
         return null;

src/main/php/com/fwdekker/deathnotifier/user/ToggleNotificationsAction.php

@@ -3,10 +3,9 @@
 namespace com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\user;
 
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Action;
-use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\ActionMethod;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Database;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\IsSetRule;
-use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\ValidationException;
+use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\InvalidInputException;
 use PDO;
 
 
@@ -34,13 +33,12 @@ class ToggleNotificationsAction extends Action
     public function __construct(PDO $conn, UserManager $user_manager)
     {
         parent::__construct(
-            ActionMethod::POST,
-            "toggle-notifications",
             require_logged_in: true,
             require_valid_csrf_token: true,
             rule_lists: ["enable_notifications" => [new IsSetRule()]]
         );
 
+        $this->conn = $conn;
         $this->user_manager = $user_manager;
     }
 
@@ -48,17 +46,19 @@ class ToggleNotificationsAction extends Action
     /**
      * Sets whether email notifications are sent.
      *
+     * @param array<int|string, mixed> $inputs `"enable_notifications": bool`: `true` if and only if notifications
+     * should be enabled
      * @return null
-     * @throws ValidationException if the user's email address has not been verified
+     * @throws InvalidInputException if the user's email address has not been verified
      */
-    function handle(): mixed
+    function handle(array $inputs): mixed
     {
-        Database::transaction($this->conn, function() {
+        Database::transaction($this->conn, function() use ($inputs) {
             $user_data = $this->user_manager->get_user_by_uuid($_SESSION["uuid"]);
             if ($user_data["email_verification_token"] === null)
-                throw new ValidationException("Please verify your email address before enabling notifications.");
+                throw new InvalidInputException("Please verify your email address before enabling notifications.");
 
-            $this->user_manager->set_notifications_enabled($_SESSION["uuid"], $_POST["enable_notifications"] == true);
+            $this->user_manager->set_notifications_enabled($_SESSION["uuid"], $inputs["enable_notifications"] == true);
         });
 
         return null;

src/main/php/com/fwdekker/deathnotifier/user/UserDeleteAction.php

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ namespace com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\user;
 
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Action;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\ActionException;
-use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\ActionMethod;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Util;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\HasLengthRule;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\IsSetRule;
@@ -30,8 +29,6 @@ class UserDeleteAction extends Action
     public function __construct(UserManager $user_manager)
     {
         parent::__construct(
-            ActionMethod::POST,
-            "user-delete",
             require_logged_in: true,
             require_valid_csrf_token: true,
             rule_lists: [
@@ -49,10 +46,11 @@ class UserDeleteAction extends Action
     /**
      * Deletes the currently logged-in user, and terminates the current user session.
      *
+     * @param array<int|string, mixed> $inputs ignored
      * @return null
      * @throws ActionException if no CSRF token could be generated
      */
-    function handle(): mixed
+    function handle(array $inputs): mixed
     {
         $this->user_manager->remove_user_by_uuid($_SESSION["uuid"]);
 

src/main/php/com/fwdekker/deathnotifier/user/UserManager.php

@@ -2,10 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\user;
 
-use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Database;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\LoggerUtil;
-use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\mailer\MailManager;
-use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Response;
 use Monolog\Logger;
 use PDO;
 
@@ -49,23 +46,17 @@ class UserManager
      * @var PDO the database connection to interact with
      */
     private PDO $conn;
-    /**
-     * @var MailManager the mailer to send emails with
-     */
-    private MailManager $mailer;
 
 
     /**
      * Constructs a new user manager.
      *
      * @param PDO $conn the database connection to interact with
-     * @param MailManager $mailer the mailer to send emails with
      */
-    public function __construct(PDO $conn, MailManager $mailer)
+    public function __construct(PDO $conn)
     {
         $this->logger = LoggerUtil::with_name($this::class);
         $this->conn = $conn;
-        $this->mailer = $mailer;
     }
 
 

src/main/php/com/fwdekker/deathnotifier/user/ValidatePasswordResetTokenAction.php

@@ -3,10 +3,9 @@
 namespace com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\user;
 
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Action;
-use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\ActionMethod;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\IsEmailRule;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\IsSetRule;
-use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\ValidationException;
+use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\InvalidInputException;
 
 
 /**
@@ -28,12 +27,10 @@ class ValidatePasswordResetTokenAction extends Action
     public function __construct(UserManager $user_manager)
     {
         parent::__construct(
-            ActionMethod::GET,
-            "validate-password-reset-token",
             require_valid_csrf_token: true,
             rule_lists: [
-                "reset_token" => [new IsSetRule()],
                 "email" => [new IsEmailRule()],
+                "reset_token" => [new IsSetRule()],
             ],
         );
 
@@ -44,14 +41,16 @@ class ValidatePasswordResetTokenAction extends Action
     /**
      * Checks whether the given password reset token is valid.
      *
+     * @param array<int|string, mixed> $inputs `"email"`: the email address to validate the reset token of,
+     * `"reset_token": string`: the token to validate
      * @return null
-     * @throws ValidationException if the password reset link is valid
+     * @throws InvalidInputException if the password reset link is valid
      */
-    function handle(): mixed
+    function handle(array $inputs): mixed
     {
-        $user_data = $this->user_manager->get_user_by_email($_GET["email"]);
+        $user_data = $this->user_manager->get_user_by_email($inputs["email"]);
-        if ($_GET["reset_token"] !== $user_data["password_reset_token"])
+        if ($inputs["reset_token"] !== $user_data["password_reset_token"])
-            throw new ValidationException(
+            throw new InvalidInputException(
                 "This password reset link is invalid. Maybe you already reset your password?"
             );
 

src/main/php/com/fwdekker/deathnotifier/user/VerifyEmailAction.php

@@ -3,13 +3,12 @@
 namespace com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\user;
 
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Action;
-use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\ActionMethod;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Database;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\mailer\MailManager;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\Util;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\IsEmailRule;
 use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\IsSetRule;
-use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\ValidationException;
+use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator\InvalidInputException;
 use PDO;
 
 
@@ -42,8 +41,6 @@ class VerifyEmailAction extends Action
     public function __construct(PDO $conn, UserManager $user_manager, MailManager $mail_manager)
     {
         parent::__construct(
-            ActionMethod::POST,
-            "verify-email",
             require_valid_csrf_token: true,
             rule_lists: [
                 "email" => [new IsEmailRule()],
@@ -60,17 +57,19 @@ class VerifyEmailAction extends Action
     /**
      * Verifies the user's email address.
      *
+     * @param array<int|string, mixed> $inputs `"email"`: the email address to verify, `"verify_token": string`: the
+     * token to verify the email address with
      * @return null
-     * @throws ValidationException if the email address does not exist, if the email is already verified, or if the
+     * @throws InvalidInputException if the email address does not exist, if the email is already verified, or if the
      * token expired
      */
-    function handle(): mixed
+    function handle(array $inputs): mixed
     {
-        Database::transaction($this->conn, function () {
+        Database::transaction($this->conn, function () use ($inputs) {
             // TODO: Validate that the email even exists
-            $user_data = $this->user_manager->get_user_by_email($_POST["email"]);
+            $user_data = $this->user_manager->get_user_by_email($inputs["email"]);
-            if ($user_data["email_verification_token"] !== $_POST["verify_token"])
+            if ($user_data["email_verification_token"] !== $inputs["verify_token"])
-                throw new ValidationException(
+                throw new InvalidInputException(
                     "Failed to verify email address. Maybe you already verified your email address?"
                 );
 
@@ -79,7 +78,7 @@ class VerifyEmailAction extends Action
                 UserManager::MINUTES_VALID_VERIFICATION
             );
             if ($minutes_remaining < 0)
-                throw new ValidationException(
+                throw new InvalidInputException(
                     "This email verification link has expired. Log in and request a new verification email."
                 );
 

src/main/php/com/fwdekker/deathnotifier/validator/HasLengthRule.php

@@ -41,20 +41,20 @@ class HasLengthRule extends Rule
      * @param array<int|string, mixed> $inputs the list of inputs in which the value at `key` should be checked
      * @param string $key the key in `inputs` of the input to check
      * @return void if `$inputs[$key]` is of the specified length
-     * @throws ValidationException if `$inputs[$key]` is not set or is not of the specified length
+     * @throws InvalidInputException if `$inputs[$key]` is not set or is not of the specified length
      */
     public function check(array $inputs, string $key): void
     {
         if (!isset($inputs[$key]))
-            throw new ValidationException($this->override_message ?? "Missing input '$key'.", $key);
+            throw new InvalidInputException($this->override_message ?? "Missing input '$key'.", $key);
 
         if ($this->min_length !== null && strlen($inputs[$key]) < $this->min_length)
-            throw new ValidationException(
+            throw new InvalidInputException(
                 $this->override_message ?? "Use at least $this->min_length character(s).",
                 $key
             );
         if ($this->max_length !== null && strlen($inputs[$key]) > $this->max_length)
-            throw new ValidationException(
+            throw new InvalidInputException(
                 $this->override_message ?? "Use at most $this->max_length character(s).",
                 $key
             );

src/main/php/com/fwdekker/deathnotifier/validator/InvalidInputException.php

@@ -2,13 +2,16 @@
 
 namespace com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\validator;
 
-use Exception;
+use com\fwdekker\deathnotifier\MalformedRequestException;
+use Throwable;
 
 
 /**
- * Thrown if an action could not be handled because an input is invalid.
+ * Thrown if a client-specified input is invalid.
+ *
+ * This is an exception, not an error, so it indicates that the client that sent the request did something wrong.
  */
-class ValidationException extends Exception
+class InvalidInputException extends MalformedRequestException
 {
     /**
      * @var string|null the input element that caused the exception, or `null` if no such element could be identified
@@ -22,10 +25,11 @@ class ValidationException extends Exception
      * @param string $message the message to show to the user
      * @param string|null $target the input element that caused the exception, or `null` if no such element could be
      * identified
+     * @param Throwable|null $previous the throwable that caused this one
      */
-    public function __construct(string $message, ?string $target = null)
+    public function __construct(string $message, ?string $target = null, ?Throwable $previous = null)
     {
-        parent::__construct($message);
+        parent::__construct($message, previous: $previous);
 
         $this->target = $target;
     }

src/main/php/com/fwdekker/deathnotifier/validator/IsEmailRule.php

@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@ class IsEmailRule extends Rule
      * @param array<int|string, mixed> $inputs the list of inputs in which the value at `key` should be checked
      * @param string $key the key in `inputs` of the input to check
      * @return void if `$inputs[$key]` is an email address
-     * @throws ValidationException if `$inputs[$key]` is not set or is not an email address
+     * @throws InvalidInputException if `$inputs[$key]` is not set or is not an email address
      */
     public function check(array $inputs, string $key): void
     {
         if (!isset($inputs[$key]) || !filter_var($inputs[$key], FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL))
-            throw new ValidationException($this->override_message ?? "Enter a valid email address.", $key);
+            throw new InvalidInputException($this->override_message ?? "Enter a valid email address.", $key);
     }
 }

src/main/php/com/fwdekker/deathnotifier/validator/IsEqualToRule.php

@@ -33,12 +33,12 @@ class IsEqualToRule extends Rule
      * @param array<int|string, mixed> $inputs the list of inputs in which the value at `key` should be checked
      * @param string $key the key in `inputs` of the input to check
      * @return void if `$inputs[$key]` equals `$expected`
-     * @throws ValidationException if `$inputs[$key]` is not set or does not equal `$expected`
+     * @throws InvalidInputException if `$inputs[$key]` is not set or does not equal `$expected`
      */
     public function check(array $inputs, string $key): void
     {
         if (!isset($inputs[$key]) || $inputs[$key] !== $this->expected)
-            throw new ValidationException(
+            throw new InvalidInputException(
                 $this->override_message ?? "Inputs '$key' should equal '$this->expected'.",
                 $key
             );

src/main/php/com/fwdekker/deathnotifier/validator/IsNotBlankRule.php

@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@ class IsNotBlankRule extends Rule
      * @param array<int|string, mixed> $inputs the list of inputs in which the value at `key` should be checked
      * @param string $key the key in `inputs` of the input to check
      * @return void if `trim($inputs[$key])` is not an empty string
-     * @throws ValidationException if `$inputs[$key]` is not set or if `trim($inputs[$key])` is an empty string
+     * @throws InvalidInputException if `$inputs[$key]` is not set or if `trim($inputs[$key])` is an empty string
      */
     public function check(array $inputs, string $key): void
     {
         if (!isset($inputs[$key]) || trim($inputs[$key]) === "")
-            throw new ValidationException($this->override_message ?? "Use at least one character.", $key);
+            throw new InvalidInputException($this->override_message ?? "Use at least one character.", $key);
     }
 }

src/main/php/com/fwdekker/deathnotifier/validator/IsNotSetRule.php

@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@ class IsNotSetRule extends Rule
      * @param array<int|string, mixed> $inputs the list of inputs in which the value at `key` should be checked
      * @param string $key the key in `inputs` of the input to check
      * @return void if `$inputs[$key]` is not set
-     * @throws ValidationException if `$inputs[$key]` is set
+     * @throws InvalidInputException if `$inputs[$key]` is set
      */
     public function check(array $inputs, string $key): void
     {
         if (isset($inputs[$key]))
-            throw new ValidationException(
+            throw new InvalidInputException(
                 $this->override_message ?? "Field '" . htmlentities($key) . "' must not be set.",
                 $key
             );

src/main/php/com/fwdekker/deathnotifier/validator/IsSetRule.php

@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@ class IsSetRule extends Rule
      * @param array<int|string, mixed> $inputs the list of inputs in which the value at `key` should be checked
      * @param string $key the key in `inputs` of the input to check
      * @return void if `$inputs[$key]` is set
-     * @throws ValidationException if `$inputs[$key]` is not set
+     * @throws InvalidInputException if `$inputs[$key]` is not set
      */
     public function check(array $inputs, string $key): void
     {
         if (!isset($inputs[$key]))
-            throw new ValidationException(
+            throw new InvalidInputException(
                 $this->override_message ?? "Field '" . htmlentities($key) . "' must be set.",
                 $key
             );

src/main/php/com/fwdekker/deathnotifier/validator/Rule.php

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ abstract class Rule
      * @param array<int|string, mixed> $inputs the list of inputs in which the value at `key` should be checked
      * @param string $key the key in `inputs` of the input to check
      * @return void if the rule holds
-     * @throws ValidationException if the rule does not hold
+     * @throws InvalidInputException if the rule does not hold
      */
     public abstract function check(array $inputs, string $key): void;
 }